Tuesday, March 29, 2011

Use If No Chicken Broth

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Saturday, March 26, 2011

Emerson E20 Three Ring

difficulties and constraints to lay the foundations for a new and fairer social structure: The "Barcelona Consensus" light on the way


" Sentinel Democracy ":" Democracy is still an ideal, but visibility in spite of the shortcomings observed today, is the best of all systems of government so far tested. It is necessary that this idealization of freedom and tolerance and equity is appropriately taken up. And such a situation, and this goal will probably be possible when people are taught to think for themselves and find their own ways, so that and in general, individuals are independent and able to solve their problems, without relying on the patronage of those in power, and without even resorting to unwanted social deviants. "


OUR APPROACH

How long should we wait to be convinced that the very foundations of the current social organization are inadequate? And how long international agencies and governments insist with only partial reforms proposed in the recently reformed background, to a certain passivity and ineffectiveness of the bulk of the mass of citizens, much more willing to complain and protest, to make intelligent proposals and renewing , and also feasible and desirable from many points of view (political, social, administrative, etc.)?
social
Our future can not be discussed between dichotomy between black and white perspectives, including polarized options.

And certainly little to be gained if the expanding horizons with a range of shades of gray, or mixtures or joint groups of opposing views.

Our universe is colorful and diverse, and strategies for better social organization are almost endless.

The flag of Brazil is formed by a green rectangle, which is located a yellow diamond, and within it, a blue circle with some stars and a white band which is written the motto "Order and Progress" ( in English we say "Order and Progress").

course, for achieve social and material progress is not enough to have a well-ordered human society and organized, but surely this can help a lot.

The basic system is good but not in all cases.

social-institutional structure of the base does not help when it impedes or hinders the transformational dynamics. A society stagnant and static vertical and in many ways is negative, even though she has achieved good levels of order and organization.

creativity, aspiration, imagination, generous and exploratory research, freedom of initiatives and proposals, including improvisation and pragmatism with a share of idealism, certainly contribute very much to the progress and the progress and the general culture, but it is also desirable and necessary to good structural order base. Not much can emerge and take hold, if the socio-institutional environment prevailing lawlessness and arbitrariness and chaos.

The great philosopher Uruguayan Carlos Vaz Ferreira developed a very interesting concept, developed the idea of \u200b\u200ba "logic of the vital reason" or "logic alive" or "practical logic" pragmatic ":" The schematizations and language not only separates the knowledge of reality, but many times do they deal with fallacies, problems exist, false oppositions, or simply a problem raised deceit and darkness. "

Another character that will undoubtedly be remembered is the English José Ortega y Gasset, who among many things said that knowledge is and must be rational, but that good knowledge must be rooted in social life, to be eminently practical, and not be excessively burdened with false or empty intellectualism or obscure.

More than ever we need a critical and creative spirituality, instead of trying stubbornly history and now seek to understand both, so as to guide actions in channels more rational and in pursuit of a social structure more fair and equitable , more free, more caring, and a more equal distribution of both resources and opportunities, both in geography and within communities.

civil society today has little real power of proposal, and certainly in this context to regain prominence, for the good of all, and the future of humanity.

The effort towards this goal is a strategic issue, not only to try to make national policies more efficient and more friendly with the people involved, not just trying to establish a joint international trade much more appropriate and balanced, but also to achieve the broadest possible consensus on the new paradigms that our times demand, and reconciles covering a wide range of interests, political, technological, social, institutional and administrative in, and even in religion and what philosophical and ideological.

The mass of data and knowledge and proposals that we are generating today is certainly overwhelming and rewarding, if somewhat unwieldy, in spite of having Internet and digital processing devices.

This could imbue a few optimism into thinking that the great problems of our time are somewhat being resolved. But ... but obviously ... this perception is far from reality.

There is information we know with great accuracy, or we can be reasonably estimated, but on the other hand, there are circumstances that we know exist, but we can not assess and quantify and classify properly. We have created an institutional framework to cover all claims of the socio-productive, but fails in this objective, because of informality, because of illegal and covert activities, and also because the use of social tools that have large shortcomings, and are not commensurate with the technological advances available at the beginning of this century.

Gravity of the present time makes us better position ourselves against the true nature of the pressing issues facing us.

Although specific technological breakthroughs in recent decades, despite funding programs that try to rectify some of the most notorious detours, we were unable positive results commensurate with the grave situation to be corrected. Some battles won

that are naturally distributed and rewarded with great enthusiasm, to some extent hide or conceal our failures. And with such achievements usually very partial, for a while echoing applause, and mistakenly thought that the actions and strategies are properly conducted.

today civil society is often very demanding and demands a lot of things on their governments and their institutions. Is claimed as better education, more security, more efficient response to the illegalities and crimes. It calls for better care such social problems as well as more resources focused on critical social contexts. It also calls for a more flexible and rational justice, and less dependent on accidental circumstances that decisions tend toward one side or another with some degree of arbitrariness. It calls for better treatment of the environment. It also calls for a substantial reduction in the cost of states, arguing that in many government resources are wasted in inefficiencies.

some extent civil society is mobilized in pursuit of certain principles, but on the other hand, it should be recognized that citizens are not involved as is the case in finding or implementing solutions. In this sense, certainly there is public indifference, or some neglect, or true self, or some early discouragement.

such claim is safer and lower levels of violence in relation to sporting events, but when something happens, there are few who offer to testify. In the internal forum there is almost unanimity on what you want, but when it's time to collaborate with justice and law enforcement, often personal problems arise and the reticence: "That should resolve those questions are the ones who regularly attend the same, police, judges, lawyers, psychologists and social ',' That life is very difficult, and you can not be left unattended or personal and family interests, diverting time and energy in long delays in the courts, and in some cases even enduring threats and / or fear retaliation by some misfits. "

is claimed as better education, but little is done from civil society to collaborate with institutions and teachers, often arguing that they are technicians and specialists who are trained to better decision on this issue. Among other things, so we lose sight of how important it is to do a continuous monitoring from the home, children and adolescents who are being trained.

such claims are more careful with the environment, but individually consume products that are harmful to nature, and in many cases do not even care about our waste properly dispose of personal or family, and threw them at any part, and also in many cases we are lazy when asked seed. Almost

everything is expected of the state, institutions, technocrats, experts, and even others. And that they fend for themselves!

A building is built from the ground, and indeed all parts are important, especially those in the bases.

In many cases neither politics nor politicians feel responsible for these issues, and mistakenly think that their involvement goes almost exclusively by budget allocation reasonable and appropriate.

issues relating to security are more political than technical or institutional or budgetary.

And on the other hand the policy issues educational policy are of educational technique or content.

live together in difference and diversity, but few of us are true agents of change.

Unfortunately, discussions within parliament or during international meetings, often guided by narrow self-interest run. Mistakenly take these areas as the battlefield, or as the podium from which you can get more and more accessions within civil society, and / or where you can manage and get more and more advantages of some kind. Finally

not so important to good management or adequately address a detour, because Above all we are interested in strengthening the self-image or to the community sector, and continue in positions of privilege and / or command.

often from the power centers adopting a haughty and arrogant, because those who incidentally are in leadership positions believe they have the right to decide for others, and in many cases in order to defend sectoral interests even at the expense of interest general.

And usually those who suffer most and have the most to lose out are the weakest, the least prepared, the poorest, the youngest, least organized, the more difficulties that make their voices heard.

To some extent the political parties themselves are responsible for this situation. Within their own party structures, often leave few spaces for genuine democratic exercise. And obviously a similar attitude is also taken against their own citizens. Senior political leaders try to manipulate in his favor to both experts and laymen, both militants as mere supporters.

would be great to create adequate conditions for the whole of society present their ideas, their initiatives, their trials. And if there arise innovative proposals in line with the challenges, at least you feel helpless about this situation, and try to overcome it.

For all this is that personally I think that the project " Barcelona Consensus" is a light on the road .

The designated enterprise is creating a good infrastructure for communication and exchange, and for their part, participants in it, are demonstrating in the events that take a very bright and tolerant of new and innovative proposals.

Major problems that arise in this beginning of XXI century are not new, and therefore and in general, be wary of proposing solutions that come from long ago, because for something they have not yet yielded results noticeable. Any deviation or flaw should have. Something must be missing. Something must be wrong. Something must be not working properly.

In particular, beware of the proposals and ideologies that largely defined as "anti", "anti," "anti-capitalist", "anti-neoliberal", "Anti-globalization", "Anti-Left", "Antimilitarism" and so on.

Most likely, the best solutions for tomorrow will come from the hand of the integration and complementation of ideas, and not a little simple and often leading clash of ideas.

Thursday, March 24, 2011

Brow Hair With Blonde Highlights

The "distance learning" has a future, "online education" is already tangible reality: Attention is the great educational reform


DISTANCE EDUCATION WITH THE SUPPORT OF ICT: Definition of e-Learning, eLearning (enseñaje), and also some guidelines for research


With this brief note I want to offer a definition (in Castilian and English) of the now universally known as "e-Learning", or "learning" or "enseñaje" based on our experience in the work of the Ibero-American Virtual Foundation ( fuvia.org ) and the Ibero-American Virtual College ( cvi.edu.ec ), and suggest a list of possible topics for research in this area.

Through the first we have made in e-Learning consulting a dozen universities, ministries and educational institutions in Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, offering everything from teacher training to teachers online to preparation Postgraduate full online. The second experience led us to prepare a high school in 2004, complete (six years) with over one hundred online courses designed multimedia and online training of approximately sixty teachers, currently in force.

Throughout these experiences, our motto has always been: "Without distances, distance education, all this possible through the support of new technologies .

And our guideline, as a guiding principle in the preparation of the subjects and their various activities, has been: "Only complete and will evolve as social beings, constantly changing through learning in community" in order to share and generate knowledge .


DEFINITION

First, we do have a few questions:

• Where do we place our definition? • Under what
learning theory?
• What resources are available for enseñaje? Generally

learning theories divide into three main areas or basic: (A) conductive or behavioral (behavior), (B) Cognitive (knowledge), and (C) Constructivist. Each of these has its purpose in the Education and Training, depending on the content and function, for example, the first is used for learning needs with relatively simple processes.

key to select is to analyze in detail the profile of the participants, their motivations and objectives, skills, achievements and results expected necessary skills to acquire and content to communicate, and support offered through various services. Knowing these details we will be able to design a coherent educational structure.

Our definition is based on a critical socio-constructivist model, supported by the teachings of Gagné and Schank, based on a dynamic learning, focusing on the dysentery, facing the desired shared learning and collaborative way.

Based on the above offer then our definition in Castilian and English:

"virtual distance education or online learning (e-Learning) is a process of teaching and collaborative learning among students and teachers based on collective and individual works primarily with stimulating activities and participatory asynchronous, mediated by new technologies of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to support interactive resources (WEB2), synchronous and asynchronous, with multimedia content assets, to create inclusive learning community socio-critical (network) that generates commitment and constructive knowledge (Education Network) in diversity. "

"ICT Supported virtual distance education or online learning (e-Learning) is a teaching-learning process Collaborative Among students and teachers, based on group and individual assignments, Essentially-through asynchronous Motivating and Participatory Activities, technologically ICT (Information and Communication Tehcnologies) mediated with the support of synchronous and asynchronous interactive resources (WEB2) with select media contents, in order to create an inclusive socio-critical learning community (social network), and compromise Generating Knowledge, constructively (educational network) in diversity "(Inglés version).

Building on this definition, all instructional design, created for and about students, never forget at least the following:

1. solve real problems or work with analogies, useful to the participant;
2. Resorting to the student's experiential field;
3. Working with examples, case studies and demonstrations applicable;
4. Generate new knowledge by applying it to the reality of the student;
5. Integrate all learning experiences to the world of the learner.


TOPICS FOR RESEARCH

Below is a list of possible topics, among others, for research on the subject of online teaching, clarifying that it is not an exhaustive list:

1. Effects of ICT in literacy skills.
2. Differences between "online" and other modalities.
3. Needs of online students.
4. Measurements.
5. Effective parameters of course design.
6. Systematic Instructional Design.
7. Educational models.
8. Student services (admissions, technology support, registration and control, etc.).
9. Group work for the production of multimedia materials online.
10. Assessment (materials, students, teachers) qualitative and quantitative.
11. Copyright.
12. Events online (virtual).
13. ICT tools for educational use.
14. Education: Practice, Skills and Strategies (forums, blogs, wiki, simulations, problem solving, etc.).
15. Interactivity, interactions, cooperation, group work, etc..
16. Added values.
17. Synchronicity versus asynchronicity.
18. Resources: materials, video, laboratory, www, and other resources.
19. Open source, free software, and so on.
20. Content Management and objects.
21. Pedagogical models.
22. Access, equity and the digital divide.
23. Transitions to the new paradigm: students and teachers.
24. Traditional and cutting-edge technologies (Low and High Tech).
25. Tools "offline" and "online".
26. Andragogy.
27. Communities and networks of knowledge and learning.
28. Digital facilitation.
29. Structures of knowledge: content, cognitive, emotional, etc., and their relationships.
30. New identities on the Internet.
31. Define national and regional strategies.
32. Legal framework: security, redundancy, authentication, rights and duties.
33. Energy efficiency and clean production.
34. E-Health.
35. Development of more effective methodologies for e-Learning.
36. Innovation in management systems using online courses.
37. E-government.
38. Social networks.
39. Access and navigate.
40. Standards.
41. Simulations.
42. Profit and return on investment.
43. WEB2 - interactive tools.
44. Learning "blended."
45. Using Multimedia.
46. E-facilitation.
47. Design of teaching models and andragogical.
48. Evaluation.
49. Psychology of e-Learner.
50. Reusable learning objects.
















Laptop With Separate Screen

Male, Lead and Home Owner, "Goddess" (Part 2 ): The community owes much to both mothers and sisters, because their contributions are the best early




Planetary Principles, for the purposes of Women

The star Sol gives you a lot, Leo woman:

the sense of being special, with your natural size and elegant, which makes a fine display undulating body.

Your personality allows you to have a sublime interior imagination, but sometimes you are whimsical and highly individualistic. You can be painter, a poet, or diplomatic (and often forgotten men).

With refined features oval face, a smiling mouth, arrogant, and a firm voice. Harmony openly show your eyes and eyebrows that overwhelm, and a light makeup to help and to give birth to your face (if you can enaltecerte).

You're a goddess, to which many respect and love, with your hair long and not very clear on something, I always keep finely care.

hero who can love must match all of your qualities. (But you should see a unique and unsurpassed, admire, and be faithful as a good bourgeois O! ...).

The star Moon gives you Cancer women:

A temperament rather difficult and misunderstood, and sometimes you are lost completely. There is a latent insecurity in yourself, and the Moon keeps you out of place, giving the impression of being in front of your peers armor.

Your figure is somewhat full, round face and full lips. You hair quite short, your voice so beautiful, and there are very good singers in all media. Women

very mystical (the surface is much ...) and encourage your conversation sweet stories. You can be a good woman, or very dangerous. You feel predisposed to melancholy, weak to act, but if you fight in life, you can do with great energy.

With a transformer make something bold glad your face, feel better. You can be anything malicious, and why! ...

You'll feel better if at some point in your life you get some soul.

The planet Mercury, Gemini woman gives you:

intelligence, skill in business and science, and you can also become a great speaker. (You are more women in one!). Your vivacity

surprisingly rapid, variable, talkative, and extremely voluptuous lips. Your beautiful shapes, broad shoulders, slender and round, with a sculpted body, they attract the eyes of both sexes.

Commenting on your big eyes, I tell women, that never go unnoticed, because they communicate, they can penetrate the minds to the point of knowing what people think around you.

"Gemini Twins" are variable to your person, and doubly so psychologist, perhaps this echo does not conform to the world around you.

Your makeup must be roasted with a little tone, something full brows, eyelids something dark and streamlined. (With long hair, um, then tell me! ").

The planet Mercury, Virgo woman gives you:

a marked resemblance to the woman of Gemini and both have the same ruler, sharing in common some similar qualities. Your sign in question is represented by the Virgin Mary, which shows a gold pin in one hand as a sign of crop land and sea. Virginiana

woman, complicated and mysterious, the years go by, and more mysterious you are.

relationship with your family tends to be selfless and sacrifice: "It's like it is." Your financial position is comfortable, but not waste what you have, the better care. You veils, your feet fly and just skim the ground. Your broad shoulders, your waist with your hips rather narrow, forming a very slender silhouette, with a fine nose and beautiful eyes something elongated and bright eyes, bushy eyebrows with deep bright eyes, no doubt draw attention. Your

professions are artistic, good writers, and business reward you. Your

simple makeup enhances your mystical side, not lustful, nor naive, soft and fine.

The planet Venus, Taurus woman gives you:

a penchant for fine arts, and you can stand out as an interpreter of it. Also enjoy the pleasures of life are presented, and possession of everything that you like to have.

The native of Taurus is practical, tenacious person, continuing to get what they want, a true femme fatale with the swaying of hips if the situation requires.

danger ... Your face is oval and quite perfect, broad nose and long, conventional view, give the impression of a flamethrower ready to face whatever. Dark or light your hair is always abundant and slightly wavy, you are the lady seductive and fatal police movie themes. You

makeup, is an additional contribution to your principles, clear base and clear dust, and if you're blonde, put in nourishing creams face at night. But being a brunette, compliments your skin, it does not need cream.

Dance and Poetry is what you like most. You can be an architect, decorator, jewelry, etc..

The planet Venus, Libra woman gives you:

a marked resemblance to the woman of Taurus, both have the same ruler, sharing several qualities in common.

Venus as a symbol is represented by a scale and gives you, beauty queen, the magic power of balance, or search for it, trying to be perfect even though it may be your life.

If besides being free, you have the "bottom" (the at birth) also in Libra, "you can be the most beautiful of the beautiful." However you would miss the internal balance, and this state is always looking to be complete. You
home
Libra woman, stands out for aesthetic environmental placement of all its components, together with necessary and useful, such as the ornaments that decorate it.

Tailor Your professions tend to be high fashion, Hair, Makeup, and aesthetics skin or bunch of perfume or antiques. But your main job is finding a balance. For best act in life!

The Planet Mars, Aries woman gives you: Ariana

always represent the momentum of the war, Amazon and explorer of life, your motto: Ambition and Triumph.

start your life together with the "Autumn Equinox to the Southern Hemisphere," and spearhead, you know very determined to impart movement to the characteristic of the strength and speed. Your

professions are having a lot of initiative and independence, if you are the owner of any company that allows you to navigate, and give you freedom to have your own performance.

As goddess of war are in action, head of advanced eternal first to arrive.

dark eyes and steady gaze, nose slightly curved, mouth corners somewhat arched or straight, and thin lips, chin raised, cutting hair aggressive and authoritarian.

Your makeup should focus on general degree, clear base with clear dust, and dark to soften some salient details of the face. All Ariana does not equal, some factions have sweet soft and full of charm, like fairy meadow or garden.

Planet Jupiter gives you a lot of woman of Sagittarius:

Sagittarian It offers women the possibility of luck, the drive to expand the consciousness to learn to "see."

Sagittarius is represented by a centaur shooting an arrow upward, double sign. It is the struggle between animal instinct and human desire for betterment, for the world we inhabit. You know how to handle the two characters together for the family.

Your life plays in society inhabit as a perfect housewife and a woman of the world, which is generally understood and appreciated. You have many professions, such as Artist, Merchant, Manager of Industry and so forth. Morning and nocturnal wear makeup, great lady seductive from morning to night. His face

harmonious oval, perfect, well delineated, and natural, as well as possessive eyes, something dark and well drawn to highlight, along with your pretty lips formed with brown pencil, eyelash dentures at night, a full set to correct your face, and a little color in her cheeks. Ya!

The Planet Saturn, Capricorn woman gives you:

The great feature of the planet Saturn for women, is to provide clarity, along with the logic and the ability to make concrete things, and to have constructive ideas or plans.

Being a person of great ability, those endowed with a singular tenacity and resignation to the reverses of fate. Are truly intellectual, fluent in several languages. You have the ability to study Egyptology, archeology, paleontology, and history studies. Over the years you will approach to land planting and harvesting.

have a body and a unique walk, something different to the rest of your peers. Capricorn Women

, dress more cheerful, your beauty is authentic, you should be optimistic and fun. You make should be studied. You draw well

your face, enlarge your eyes with a sophisticated set, not too dark on the eyelids, and lips slightly pink, with the corners up, and also a couple of pinches your cheeks.

The body must be either straight, chest high, and then the world is yours.

The planet Uranus, woman gives you a lot of Aquarius: You

premonition, the world to come, which will unfold and accompanied, giving values \u200b\u200bof fraternity and equality of all beings.

Over time you are assigned the power of "clairvoyance" psychic, independence and openness to the selfless help to your world. Romantic idealist par excellence, love of Aquarius, the friend, the lover. See in the couple who love, the friend above all.

have superior intelligence and expression, male or female, but always forward to the rest of the other congeners.

have great aptitude for Science and for Religion, Astronomy, Astrology, History, Sport, pure mysticism.

smooth oval face and of course your makeup should be simple and fresh, outlined some light color on your cheeks, full lips and / or marked, right nose, fine hair to be very careful. You are the eyes detail, are unforgettable. "From melancholy look that does not forget", and sometimes slightly sad.

The planet Neptune, Pisces woman gives you:

The need to experience the emotional unity of mysticism and transcendence of the last sign of the Zodiac. Independence shares the sign of Aquarius, Aries Security, the mystical depth of the regent. These circumstances Pisces make a sign of confusion, and for that you must know the inner world, which is what really matters.

preferred professions: Nurses, Novelists, Teachers of Swimming, Medium, Sculptors, Occultists.

Makeup: Long hair, an oval face, and being blonde, with a slight markup to correct a detail of the face. Moreover, few eyebrows for shaping, blueness of the eyelids after-shaped mark. Brunette personhood, the same style of eyeliner, but Japanese style in a dark shade the eyelids, with a straight up, and the rest equally. If the skin is dry, cream to nourish it properly at night.

Planet Pluto, Scorpio woman gives you:

Knowledge about the planet in question, applied to sign it. (Formerly called the "Eagle" and once the "Snake"). This sign is one that has the highest number of human levels of "beings" in it.

native Bella, you are given the opportunity to move from the lowest to the highest, to the most sublime that can be reached.

"Phoenix Woman." You can be the sanctification, canonization, or if you prefer, just as many women high on planet Earth. You may also be the evil woman in the story. You can be the Princess to the kiss of a prince in love with you wake up the world of love and wisdom (with his 7 chakras).

Scorpio Lady: The psychology and human problems are in your personal world. Always presented the discontented, and dealing with people do not always find sympathy, and are the most common questions. In this case I must say, you think to find enemies everywhere, and this is not real and not think about it.

you like the land, plants, justice, and always try to defend the weak. Within these parameters have many professions to follow, and your ability is good.

Makeup: Elementary and good for your skin nourishing cream at night, and also a good outline to improve lines of your face. You should try to improve your teeth, your teeth look beautiful and rights. "Keep a friendly smile and be happy."

Never forget who you are and how much vouchers, and do not let that fool you. Know

well!

To contact the author, use the following email address: leyesuniversales@hotmail.com






Mortal Kombat Action Figures

SHORT-CIRCUIT

Day April 1 at 12:00 begins on Short-Circuit in the Faculty of Fine Arts, an initiative to bring the exhibition format of the Chana district of Granada. Works can be seen at various locations in the neighborhood: the civic center, chana markets, the library, Rialca and the Faculty of Fine Arts .

Wednesday, March 23, 2011

How To Make Myself Look 18

The exotic fauna of the ancient seas: A unique and fascinating world, a niche extinct little by little he is able to discover








EXTRAÑÍSIMOS of the fauna PRIMITIVE

The " Cryptocleidus ", or "serrated tooth hidden" or "hidden clavicle", name given in 1897 by Harry Govier Seeley (pictured right) - was an animal that lived in the Jurassic and Cretaceous . His first fossils were found in England and Germany .

Among aquatic reptiles of those remote times, one of the best known is undoubtedly the " Cryptocleidus " or " Cryptoclidus " (meaning "hidden collarbone), a" plesiosaur " more than three meters long, located initially in England, and had a powerful neck of 74 vertebrae provided instead of the usual 7 or 8 usually presented reptiles.


The skull and lower jaw this animal were wide, which reveals the living presence of powerful muscles in that region.

The front and rear "Cryptocleidus " were made by long fins. And probably walked along the water front moving up and down, as if "flying", as he led the swim to the rear.


For his part, " Nothosaurio " or "reptile spurious" or "fake lizard " name given by Georg Graf zu Münster ( Count Georg von Münster ) was located both in Germany as South Africa.

seas in Triassic times , were populated by reptiles that feed on fish , as in the case of " ichthyosaurs, as well as with regard to" Mixosaurios " and " Ophtalmosaurios ."






And a very successful and diverse group was undoubtedly that of " Nothosaurios " beings ranging from the size of a lizard up to four meters long. And some of these samples even reached six meters in length.


Many of the fossils in question, have appeared in the sediments of the seas in those distant epochs covered Central Europe.

These remains located and analyzed, can ensure that the " Nothosaurios " had a long neck, long and narrow skull and sharp teeth capable of holding fish as well as narrow and wide feet tail and fins.


The " Nothosaurios " or " Nothosaurus " used their arms and legs to swim, but they should have done to "Doggy style." Later, in the late Triassic period, the " plesiosaurs, which were much better adapted to marine life, most likely must have evolved from the so-called" Nothosaurios ", but such a hypothesis suggested by several scientists, so far has not been fully confirmed.


The " Geosaurus " or "reptile rock ", name given in 1824 (in the publication "Sur les fossiles ossements of crocodiles") by the Baron Georges Cuvier (see image to the left of the French naturalist Her full name was Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier ), was an animal that lived during the Cretaceous in the current territories of France and Germany . The

modern crocodiles can live both on land and in water. But some fossil forms were heavily modified, so as to enable him to live in the water all the time.

And " Geosaurus " is a typical example. His arms and legs were wide and shaped like oars. Its tail is curved down, near the end, and had a fleshy flap on the live animal.


This flap was similar to that of "ichthyosaur , another interesting aquatic reptile but which" Geosaurus "had no relationship.


The neck of the " Geosaurus " was short, and relatively large head, in a way similar to other swimmers and carnivorous reptiles (such as " pliosaur). Their sharp teeth indicate that it fed on fish. But he stressed that it had no protective cover plates on the back, like modern crocodiles. And this feature should certainly have done much more streamlined.

The best and most important fossils "Geosaurus" come from sedimentary rocks that formed the bottom of the inland seas, which then covered much of Central Europe.

For his part, "Plesiosaur" or "reptile tape", the name given in 1821 by William Daniel Conybeare (pictured right), was an animal that reached its zenith in the Jurassic period. Abundant fossilized remains of this species were located in England and Germany.

The earliest fossils of reptiles that scientists studied, precisely belonged to the "Plesiosaur", before he found the first fossil "dinosaur."

The "Plesiosaur" or "Plesiosaurus" was found in successive stages and excavations, between 1811 and 1820. And the best specimens were located on the coast of Dorset, by Mary Anning . Caused a sensation at the time when European scientists were able to admire the London and Bristol.


Some of these remains were sold by Mary Anning own (picture left), who won large sums of money, by the Museum where they are now exhibited.

This aquatic animal that originated in the Triassic period, was dominant in the Jurassic reptile. Its members were fins, which undulated, moving quickly, while providing their food in schools of fish. He had a long neck, small head, and reached five meters in length.


The " Arquelón " oo " ARCHELON " or " old turtle," the name given in 1898 by George Reber Wieland (or Wieland GR), was an animal abundant in Kansas during the Cretaceous Period . The turtle fossil found, much like modern turtles. And the way the body depends on the shell, covering the back and belly. The "Arquelón" is known from multiple discoveries of fossils, mostly found in the limestone rocks that formed the bottom of shallow seas, which then covered much of North America from Alberta to Texas.



The " Arquelón " belongs to an extinct group, which shows the shell reduced to shreds of bone and star-shaped plates.


The shell, in all turtles, is made of bone, and attaches to the ribs and other parts of the skeleton. Bone loss in the giant "Arquelón" may be due to a peso economy. It was a huge turtle, more than four feet, much larger than the largest current turtle. Had to swim fast to catch fish in sufficient quantities to meet your diet.


Their long fins, paddle-shaped, probably propelled the animal forward, swinging his body in a figure eight, as turtles do today.


Regarding the "Elasmosaurio" or "reptile lamina", name given in 1878 by Edward Drinker Cope or ED Cope (see photo at left) can say it was an animal that lived in the seas that covered Wyoming ( America) during the Cretaceous Period .

The " Cryptocleidus " also known as " Cryptoclidus " and the " Plesiosaurus , they had long necks, but the" Elasmosaurus "and impose their relatives doubtless true brands as the neck over the head of these animals were longer than the body and tail together.




Note that these copies were in the neck vertebrae about 75, instead of the usual 7 or 8 of some terrestrial animals, for surely it is clear that some way should sustain that very long neck.

is assumed that the " Elasmosaurio " waved his neck in water, from one place to another in search of fish .

must have been a much more economical to catch their prey, rather than having to move around the body in the pursuit, which would have meant a much slower operation.

Its four fins, highly developed, fueled by body movements as if " fly "under water, undulating like a snake's neck, looking for fish.






soon continue with other interesting articles on paleontology and dinosauriología .


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